动态规划（英语：Dynamic programming，简称DP）是一种在数学、管理科学、计算机科学、经济学和生物信息学中使用的，通过把原问题分解为相对简单的子问题的方式求解复杂问题的方法。

动态规划常常适用于有重叠子问题和最优子结构性质的问题，动态规划方法所耗时间往往远少于朴素解法。

动态规划背后的基本思想非常简单。大致上，若要解一个给定问题，我们需要解其不同部分（即子问题），再合并子问题的解以得出原问题的解。

通常许多子问题非常相似，为此动态规划法试图仅仅解决每个子问题一次，从而减少计算量：一旦某个给定子问题的解已经算出，则将其记忆化（en:memoization）存储，以便下次需要同一个子问题解之时直接查表。这种做法在重复子问题的数目关于输入的规模呈指数增长时特别有用。

In mathematics, management science, economics, computer science, and bioinformatics, dynamic programming (also known as dynamic optimization) is a method for solving a complex problem by breaking it down into a collection of simpler subproblems, solving each of those subproblems just once, and storing their solutions - ideally, using a memory-based data structure. The next time the same subproblem occurs, instead of recomputing its solution, one simply looks up the previously computed solution, thereby saving computation time at the expense of a (hopefully) modest expenditure in storage space. (Each of the subproblem solutions is indexed in some way, typically based on the values of its input parameters, so as to facilitate its lookup.) The technique of storing solutions to subproblems instead of recomputing them is called "memoization".