开罗（阿拉伯语：القـــاهــرة‎ al-Qāhira；英语：Cairo）是埃及首都，古称优努（古埃及语：ỉwnw，拉丁化：lunu，意为「信道」）或安努（Anu）圣经中称作安（On）、赫利奥波利斯（希腊文：Ἡλιούπολις，意为「太阳神之城」）、米斯尔（阿拉伯语：مصر‎，另作Miṣr，意为「军营」，后来成为整个埃及的自称），后改称福斯塔特（阿拉伯语：الفسطاط, ，意为「帐棚」），868年突伦王朝埃米尔艾哈迈德·伊本·突伦于福斯塔特北部另建新都称作加塔伊（阿拉伯语：القطائـع），到969年法蒂玛王朝哈里发穆伊兹派部将乔海尔征服阿拔斯王朝统治下的埃及，973年迁都于此，把新首都称作开罗（al-Qāhira，意为「胜利之都」）为开罗名称之始。

Cairo (/ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic:القاهرة‎, al-Qāhirah, Coptic: ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ, Kahire) is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture.