氯甲酸乙酯（化学式：C₃H₅ClO₂）是一个氯甲酸酯类化合物。

无色发烟液体，有刺激性气味，有毒！其蒸气对眼、皮肤、粘膜有强烈的刺激作用，有腐蚀性。几乎不溶于水，可以与乙醇、氯仿、苯、乙醚互溶。

化学性质活泼。遇水分解。可与醇、酚、胺类反应，引入乙氧羰基（－COOC₂H₅），经水解又得到原来的醇、酚、胺。

Ethyl chloroformate is the ethyl ester of chloroformic acid. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the ethyl carbamate protecting group and for the formation of carboxylic anhydrides. It is capable of producing GABAergic anxiolytic/sedative/anesthetic effects (in order of increasing dose-effect threshold) in sufficient doses but produces potent hemotoxic and neurotoxic effects doses below the anesthetic threshold (roughly equivalent to the anxiolytic threshold) and was therefore never used for medical applications.