The imperial civil examination system was implemented in China from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.

中国从隋朝开始一直到清朝都实行科举制度。

The examination system has long been a serious bone of contention in this country.

【bone】考试制度长期以来都是这个国家争议很大的话题。

Since then, the resumption of the college entrance examination system played a prelude to the reform and opening up, affecting and changing the fate of several generations.

此后，高考制度的恢复奏响了改革开放的序曲，影响和改变了几代人的命运。

Confucian concepts of governance, meritocracy, and bureaucratic administration were institutionalized in the imperial examination system, which selected civil servants based on their intellectual and moral qualifications.

儒家的治理、任人唯贤和官僚行政理念在科举制度中制度化，科举制度根据知识和道德资格选拔公务员。