And there are " network externalities" to consider.

此外，还有“网络外部性”需要考虑。

Market-based approaches to reduce negative externalities are also used to fight climate change.

减少负外部性的以市场为基础的方法也被用于应对气候变化。

When other people are made better off that is called a positive externality.

当别人变得更好时，它被称为正外部性。

Regulation can also create positive externalities.

监管也可以产生正外部性。

In fact, externalities are the justification for almost everything the government does.

事实上，外部性几乎是政府所有行动的正当理由。

When other people are made worse off that's called a negative externality.

当别人变得更糟时，它被称为负外部性。

Another way that governments try to solve externalities is with market-based policies.

政府试图解决外部性的另一种方式是基于市场的政策。

The tax drives up the price, consumers buy fewer cigarettes, and this addresses the negative externality.

税收提高了香烟的价格，消费者购买的香烟减少了，这就解决了负外部性问题。

We need to consider how healthy bodies are based on what's going on inside, rather than focusing on externalities.

我们需要考虑健康的身体取决于内在情况，而不应聚焦在外部。

We've tried to explain the problem of externalities, now let's talk about the solutions.

我们试着解释了外部性的问题，现在我们来谈谈它的解决方法。