福克兰战争（英语：Falklands War），又称为马尔维纳斯群岛战争（西班牙语：Guerra de las Malvinas），是指1982年4月到6月间，英国和阿根廷为争夺英方称之为福克兰群岛（阿根廷方面称为马尔维纳斯群岛）的主权而爆发的一场局部战争。

阿根廷在1980年代初期发生了严重的经济危机和大规模反对以加尔铁里总统为首的军政府的运动，阿根廷政府试图通过对福克兰群岛采取军事行动，转移视线以解决国内的政治危机。1982年3月19日，阿根廷军队率先登陆南乔治亚岛，并且升起阿根廷国旗。4月2日，加尔铁里总统下令对福克兰群岛发动进攻。随后，英国派出海空军对福克兰群岛和周边海域的阿根廷军队发动反击，登陆并且收复福克兰群岛。阿根廷在一系列的军事行动失败后，于同年6月14日与英国签订停战协议。英国通过本次战争重新控制了福克兰群岛，但是阿根廷从未放弃对该群岛的主权诉求。

The Falklands War (Spanish:Guerra de las Malvinas), also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"), was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British overseas territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It began on Friday, 2 April 1982, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands (and, the following day, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) in an attempt to establish the sovereignty it had claimed over them. On 5 April, the British government dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force before making an amphibious assault on the islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982, returning the islands to British control. In total, 649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel, and three Falkland Islanders died during the hostilities.