Alfred "Fred" Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 –March 14, 1997) was an Austro-American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing films in many genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir and play adaptations. Nineteen actors appearing in Zinnemann's films received Academy Award nominations for their performances: among that number are Frank Sinatra, Montgomery Clift, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell.