法语文学（法语：Littérature française）是指用法语写成的文学，有时特指法国人用法语写成的文学，也可以指法国文学。

现代法国人的起源非常复杂，主要由凯尔特人、日耳曼人和罗曼人构成，其中罗曼人所占比重最大。法语本身在某种程度上也可以看作是拉丁语的一种现代形式。那些古罗马的拉丁语天才尽管早已作古，却似乎始终左右着法语文明发展的轨迹和方向。古罗马人对秩序和理性的热爱、对极端状况的竭力避免等特征被后来的法国人所继承。然而这些特征在法语文学中的体现却并不明显。尽管法国通常是新的文艺运动的发源地，但这无法改变法国人思维保守的事实。

This article is a general introduction to French literature. For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods, see the separate historical articles in the template to the right.

French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in French language, by citizens of other nations such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, etc. is referred to as Francophone literature. As of 2006, French writers have been awarded more Nobel Prizes in Literature than novelists, poets and essayists of any other country. France itself ranks first in the list of Nobel Prizes in literature by country.