函数式编程（英语：functional programming）或称函数进程设计，又称泛函编程，是一种编程典范，它将电脑运算视为数学上的函数计算，并且避免使用进程状态以及易变对象。函数编程语言最重要的基础是λ演算（lambda calculus）。而且λ演算的函数可以接受函数当作输入（引数）和输出（传出值）。

比起指令式编程，函数式编程更加强调进程执行的结果而非执行的过程，倡导利用若干简单的执行单元让计算结果不断渐进，逐层推导复杂的运算，而不是设计一个复杂的执行过程。

In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. It is a declarative programming paradigm, which means programming is done with expressions or declarations instead of statements. In functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function, so calling a function f twice with the same value for an argument x will produce the same result f(x) each time. Eliminating side effects, i.e. changes in state that do not depend on the function inputs, can make it much easier to understand and predict the behavior of a program, which is one of the key motivations for the development of functional programming.