These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单糖的种类有葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖。

There are oligosaccharides like galacto-oligosaccharides which are short chains of galactose molecules like those found in soybeans.

低聚半乳糖就是一种寡糖，在大豆中含量较高，是由数个半乳糖分子结合形成的短链分子。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有一种单糖叫半乳糖，常与乳糖相提并论。

Just like that galactose has become just one more glucose molecule in the liver.

半乳糖通过这种方式变成了可供肝脏利用的葡萄糖。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

乳糖是一种染料糖，这意味着它由两个简单的糖块组成，葡萄糖和半乳糖。

It’s called galactose oligosaccharide, also known as the Gal antigen.

它被称为低聚半乳糖，也称为Gal抗原。

A molecular mass of 180 could be either the glucose, galactose or fructose.

分子量为 180 的可能是葡萄糖、半乳糖或果糖。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

其中有丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基，是o链糖基化的，这意味着它们的氧上有一个糖分子，半乳糖居多。

Now, metabolism of galactose has an initial step where an enzyme in the liver converts galactose into glucose - basically flipping the orientation of the OH group on the 4th carbon.

半乳糖代谢的第一步是在肝脏中，通过酶的作用，将半乳糖转化为葡萄糖，其实就是把半乳糖的4号碳上的-OH键调个方向。

Lactose on the other hand has a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of galactose and carbon 4 of glucose are bonded, but this time the molecules are stacked with one higher than the other.

乳糖中的糖苷键为β-1，4糖苷键，即半乳糖分子的1号碳与葡萄糖分子的4号碳以糖苷键相连，β代表了两个糖分子上下交叠，一高一低。