Many are in small groups like ours, but sometimes they aggregate into much larger galaxy clusters.

有许多像我们这样的小星群，但有时它们会聚集成更大的星系团。

Back in the 1930s, astronomer Fritz Zwicky had drawn a similar conclusion measuring the speeds of galaxies in galaxy clusters.

早在20世纪30年代，天文学家弗里茨·兹威基在测量星系团中星系的速度时就得出了类似的结论。

A typical galaxy cluster is a few tens of millions light years across, and can contain thousand of galaxies.

一个典型的星系团直径有几千万光年，可以包含数千个星系。

The image shown during an event at the White House was a " deep field" image of a distant galaxy cluster called SMACS 0723.

在白宫的一次活动中展示的图像是一个名为 SMACS 0723的遥远星系团的“深空场”图像。

The galaxy is a part of the Perseus galaxy cluster.

该星系是英仙座星系团的一部分。

The protocluster was formed before the more mature galaxy clusters seen in the modern universe.

原星团形成于现代宇宙中更成熟的星系团之前。

However, the Perseus galaxy cluster has so much gas that scientists found sound.

然而，英仙座星系团有如此多的气体，以至于科学家们发现了声音。

Ironically, better measurements made of galaxy cluster member velocities show they do in fact move too quickly, and clusters must have dark matter in them too.

具有讽刺意味的是，对星系团成员速度的更好的测量显示，它们确实移动得太快了，而且星系团中肯定也有暗物质。

The sound came from the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster, where a huge black hole sent pressure waves.

声音来自英仙座星系团的中心，那里有一个巨大的黑洞发出压力波。

These sound waves emanate from the enormous black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster.

这些声波从英仙座星系团中心的巨大黑洞发出。

Some scientists suggest there might be Type 4 and Type 5 civilizations, whose influence stretches over galaxy clusters or superclusters, structures comprising thousands of galaxies and trillions of stars.

一些科学家认为可能存在着4型和5型文明，他们的影响延伸包括数千个星系和数万亿颗恒星的星系团或超星系团。

We can look at how images of galaxy clusters are distorted, which tells us something about how dark matter is distorting space-time.

我们可以看看星系团的图像是如何扭曲的，这告诉我们暗物质是如何扭曲时空的。

We didn't see a surplus toward the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster, for example, so they'd have to be coming from even more distant galaxies, clear across the Universe!

例如，我们没有看到靠近处女座星系团有任何余光，所以它们一定来自更遥远的星系，完全横跨了宇宙！

I connect the very small -- elementary particles -- with the extremely large -- galaxies and galaxy clusters, and I'm a griot of the universe.

我将非常小的——基本粒子——与极大的——星系和星系团联系起来，我是宇宙的一员。

It can be detected in many ways, one of which is by seeing how its mass affects the path of light coming from distant galaxies as it passes through dark matter in galaxy clusters.

我们可以通过多种方式探测到它，其中一种是观察它的质量如何影响来自遥远星系的光通过星系团中的暗物质时的路径。

Like star clusters, galaxies in galaxy clusters are bound to the cluster by their own mutual gravity, and move through the cluster on long orbits that can take billions of years to complete.

就像星团一样，星系团中的星系通过自身的相互引力与星系团结合在一起，并沿着可能需要数十亿年才能完成的长轨道在星系团中移动。

And hopefully, it's becoming increasingly clear that this isn't just an astrophysics problem of galaxies and galaxy clusters, but this is also a particle physics problem.

希望越来越清楚这不仅仅是星系和星系团的天体物理学问题，而且这也是一个粒子物理学问题。

Difficult words: galaxy cluster (thousands of galaxies), pressure wave (a wave which moves in the air when something explodes), vacuum (empty of gas, liquids, or solids).

较难的单词：星系团（数千个星系）、压力波（物体爆炸时在空气中移动的波）、真空（没有气体、液体或固体）。

Although most of space is essentially a vacuum providing no medium for sound waves to propagate through, a Galaxy cluster, on the other hand, has ample amounts of gas drifting between the hundreds or even thousands of galaxies within it.

虽然太空的大部分本质上是真空，没有提供介质让声波传播，但另一方面，一个星系团，拥有大量气体在其内部数百甚至数千个星系之间漂移。

The other team, led by Eros Vanzella at the National Institute for Astrophysics in Italy, used a massive galaxy cluster as a starlight-magnifying " gravitational lens" to zoom in on a tiny background galaxy from about 800 million years post-big bang.

另一个研究小组由意大利国家天体物理研究所的埃罗斯·范泽拉领导，他们利用一个巨大的星系团作为星光放大的" 引力透镜" ，来放大大爆炸后形成的、约 8 亿岁的一个微小背景星系。