Actually, we can turn off a gene.

实际上，我们可以关闭基因。

DNA is the letters that make up genes, A, T, C, and G.

DNA 是组成基因 A，T，C 和 G 的字母。

The resulting epigenetic changes can eventually lead to disease, if, for example, they turn off a gene that makes a tumor-suppressing protein.

表观基因变异的结果最终会导致疾病，举例而言，如果它们隐藏了基因中肿瘤抑制的蛋白质。

Plainly, Gene " A" will win out.

明显地， 基因" A" 会取得胜利。

Gene " A" makes an animal care for its offspring.

基因" A" 使动物关心它的后代。

It's a lack of pigment which you are born without, there's  a gene that goes faulty and hence you have the condition.

这是你天生就缺乏的色素，有一个基因出了问题， 因此你就有了这种情况。

In the long run, " B" will actually out-produce gene " A" because in fact, " B" will be healthy while other vampire bats get sick.

从长远来看， “B” 实际上会超过基因“A” ，因为事实上，“B” 会很健康，而其他吸血蝙蝠则会生病。

They found that knocking out a gene called CBX7 caused embryos to fail to maintain diapause, highlighting the importance of specific genes in maintaining this suspended state.

他们发现，敲除一个名为 CBX7 的基因会导致胚胎无法维持滞育，这突显了特定基因在维持这种悬浮状态中的重要性。

So let's say you've been busy in the lab and you've been measuring your genes and you've found that if Gene A is active, then Gene B or Gene C seems to be active.

比方说，你在实验室忙活了很久，你一直在测量基因，发现如果基因 A 是活跃的，那么基因 B 或 C 也会看似活跃。

It's autosomal dominant, which means that even if there's a normal copy of the gene, a single mutated copy of the gene – in other words a heterozygous mutation - is sufficient to cause the disease.

这是一种常染色体显性遗传病，这意味着即使有一个正常基因，只要染色体上有一个突变的基因，即杂合突变，就足以致病。

In a previous study, published in 2016, Dr Raffan and her colleagues found that obese Labradors were much more likely than slimmer dogs to be missing a small section of DNA in the gene, a so-called deletion mutation.

在2016年发表的一项研究中，拉凡博士和她的同事发现， 肥胖的拉布拉多犬比苗条的狗更有可能在基因中缺失一小段DNA，即所谓的缺失突变。

Obviously, for instance, animals do all sorts of things to help survive and reproduce but a cockroach doesn't think " oh, I'm doing this to help survive and reproduce and spread my genes." A cockroach doesn't know anything about genes.

显然，例如，动物会做各种各样的事情来帮助生存和繁殖， 但蟑螂不会认为“哦，我这样做是为了帮助生存、繁殖和传播我的基因。 ” 蟑螂对基因一无所知。