吉布斯现象（英语：Gibbs phenomenon），由Henry Wilbraham于1848年最先提出，并由约西亚·吉布斯于1899年证明。在工程应用时常用有限正弦项正弦波叠加逼近原周期信号。所用的谐波次数N的大小决定逼近原波形的程度，N增加，逼近的精度不断改善。但是由于对于具有不连续点的周期信号会发生一种现象：当选取的傅里叶级数的项数N增加时，合成的波形虽然更逼近原函数，但在不连续点附近会出现一个固定高度的过冲，N越大，过冲的最大值越靠近不连续点，但其峰值并不下降，而是大约等于原函数在不连续点处跳变值的9%，且在不连续点两侧呈现衰减振荡的形式。

In mathematics, the Gibbs phenomenon, discovered by HenryWilbraham (1848) and rediscovered by J. WillardGibbs (1899), is the peculiar manner in which the Fourier series of a piecewise continuously differentiable periodic function behaves at a jump discontinuity. The nth partial sum of the Fourier series has large oscillations near the jump, which might increase the maximum of the partial sum above that of the function itself. The overshoot does not die out as n increases, but approaches a finite limit. This sort of behavior was also observed by experimental physicists, but was believed to be due to imperfections in the measuring apparatuses.