盖特曼（乌克兰语：гетьман）是15至18世纪波兰，乌克兰及立陶宛大公国（1569至1795年称为波兰-立陶宛联邦）军队指挥官的头衔，地位仅次于君主。

波西米亚的捷克人于15世纪胡斯战争后，曾使用此头衔（捷克语：hejtman）。自16世纪后，此头衔亦在波兰哥萨克中广泛使用。今日在捷克共和国，是当选的地方行政长官的称呼。在波兰国际象棋界，“后”也被称为盖特曼。

波兰王国在1505年初次把此称号授予紧急时刻的最高指挥官，当1569年波兰王国和立陶宛大公国形成共主联邦之后（见卢布林联合），波立联邦内使用此称号的频率逐渐升高，终于在1581把盖特曼当作固定职位。

Hetman is a political title, historically assigned to military commanders. It was the title of the second-highest military commander (after the monarch) in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita. For much of the history of the Principality of Moldavia, the Hetman (Rmn. hatman) was the second in rank in the army after the ruling prince (who held the position of Voivode). Hetman was also the highest military office in Ukraine's Hetmanates, the Zaporizhian Host (1649–1764) and Ukrainian State (1918). The title (гетьман) was used by Ukraine's Cossacks from the 16th century, and by the Czechs (hejtman) in Bohemia from the Hussite Wars (15th century) on. Hejtman is today the term for the elected governor of a Czech region (kraj).