激素（英语：hormone）也音译作荷尔蒙或贺尔蒙，在希腊文原意为“兴奋活动”。激素是指体内的某一细胞、腺体或者器官所产生的可以影响机体内其他细胞活动的化学物质。仅需很小剂量的激素便可以改变细胞的新陈代谢。可以说激素是一种从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞的化学信使。

所有的多细胞生物都会产生激素，植物产生的激素也被称为植物激素。动物产生的激素通常通过血液运输到体内指定位置，细胞通过其特殊的接受某种激素的受体来对激素进行反应。激素分子与受体蛋白结合后，打开了信号通路进行信号转导，并最终使细胞做出特异性反应。

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶν”) is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Hormones have diverse chemical structures, mainly of 3 classes: eicosanoids, steroids, and amino acid derivatives (amines, peptides, and proteins). The glands that secrete hormones comprise the endocrine signaling system. The term hormone is sometimes extended to include chemicals produced by cells that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signalling) or nearby cells (paracrine signalling).