《训民正音》（훈민정음）是朝鲜第四代国王世宗大王李祹与其子第五代国王文宗大王李珦主导创制的朝鲜语文本，又称谚文（언문／谚文），今多称韩文、韩字、朝鲜文、朝鲜字。原有28字，其中元音字母17个，辅音字母11个。该书完成于朝鲜世宗25年（1443年）末或朝鲜世宗26年（1444年）初，于朝鲜世宗28年（1446年）正式出版。

韩国古代使用汉字表记，文言分离。古代只有士大夫学习汉文，因此平民大多是文盲。相传三国末年薛聪藉汉字音义标注汉字，创吏读文本，此外尚有乡札、口诀等表记方法，但这些由于使用的不便等原因未能取代汉文。朝鲜王朝第四代国王世宗深感汉字对于文化传播的不便，迫切需要一可完整表达本国语音之文本，故特设谚文局，召郑麟趾、成三问、申叔舟等学者，在研究朝鲜语音和汉语音韵的基础上，以方块字组合，一音节占一字，创立表音文本。

Hunminjeongeum (lit. The Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People) is a document describing an entirely new and native script for the Korean language. The script was initially named after the publication, but later came to be known as hangul. It was created so that the common people illiterate in hanja could accurately and easily read and write the Korean language. It was announced in Volume 102 of the Annals of King Sejong, and its formal supposed publication date, October 9, 1446, is now Hangul Day in South Korea. The Annals place its invention to the 25th year of Sejong's reign, corresponding to 1443-1444.