纠问式诉讼（英语：Inquisition），或称纠问制度，是欧洲各国在中世纪、亚洲各国则一直到19世纪末、甚至中国到20世纪初都还使用的刑事诉讼制度。其特色是法官兼检察官，亦即法官同时是负责提出证据、试图证明被告有罪的人。例如中国民间传奇的包公故事，明镜高悬的包公一方面要上穷碧落下黄泉，用尽一切办法找出证据，另一方面也要坐在开封府衙门的审判席上，宣判被告有罪、该论以何等刑罚。

在现代的刑事诉讼中，纠问制度被控诉制度取代，亦即司法官员的角色被拆成法官和检察官两个不同的职务，由不同人担当，检察官负责提出证据证明被告有罪，法官负责根据法庭上辩论结果来论罪、科刑（这是欧陆法系的法官任务。在英美法体系中，对于较重的罪名，论罪是陪审团的任务，法官处理科刑的部分）。此外，并为被告加上了辩护人这个工具，以达到与检察官与被告之间的武器平等，亦即使被告能在法律知识上与受过专业法律训练的检察官平起平坐。于是现代刑事诉讼中，包公与嫌犯之间的两方关系，变成「审、检、辩」的三方关系。

An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense. Inquisitorial systems are used in some countries with civil legal systems as opposed to common law systems. Countries using common law, including the United States, may use an inquisitorial system for summary hearings in the case of misdemeanors such as minor traffic violations. The distinction between an adversarial and inquisitorial system is theoretically unrelated to the distinction between a civil legal and common law system. Some legal scholars consider inquisitorial misleading, and prefer the word nonadversarial. The function is often vested in the office of the public procurator, as in Russia, China, Japan, Germany and Scotland.