在数学哲学和逻辑中，直觉主义（Intuitionism），或者新直觉主义（Neointuitionism ）（对应于前直觉主义（Preintuitionism）），是用人类的构造性思维活动进行数学研究的方法。也可翻译成直观主义。

任何数学对象被视为思维构造的产物，所以一个对象的存在性等价于它的构造的可能性。这和古典的方法不同，因为根据古典方法，一个实体的存在可以通过否定它的不存在来证明。对直觉主义者来说，这是不正确的：不存在的否定不表示可能找到存在的构造证明。正因为如此，直觉主义是数学结构主义的一种；但它不是唯一的一类。

In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality. That is, logic and mathematics are not considered analytic activities wherein deep properties of objective reality are revealed and applied but are instead considered the application of internally consistent methods used to realize more complex mental constructs, regardless of their possible independent existence in an objective reality.