The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander.

《新吉姆·克劳》，作者米歇尔·亚历山大。

He styled himself as an Ethiopian delineator, created a character named Jim Crow and popularized the song Jump Jim Crow.

他把自己塑造成一个埃塞俄比亚人 创造了一个名为“吉姆·克劳”的角色 还唱红了“黑人跳”这首歌。

The Civil War arrives, then sharecropping and Jim Crow.

后来内战开始了 然后是佃农制度和种族隔离制度。

This included most notably the passing of Jim Crow Laws.

其中最引人注目的是吉姆·克劳法的通过。

But justice wasn't an option in the era of Jim Crow.

但在种族隔离时代，正义无法得到伸张。

History classes often make note of slavery, the rise of Jim Crow laws and the civil rights movement.

历史课上经常会提到奴隶制、吉姆·克劳法的兴起和民权运动。

Jim Crow Laws were designed to extend the horrors of institutional slavery in Southern states under a different name.

《吉姆·克劳法》旨在以不同的名义扩大南方各州奴隶制制度的恐怖。

They were put there during the Jim crow era to essentially remind black people of their place in America.

他们在吉姆 · 克劳时代被放置在这里，从本质上说是为了提醒黑人在美国的位置。

Still waiting for the test case that would give them their shot to blow Jim Crow wide open.

还在等待能让他们有机会废除吉姆·克劳法的判例。

Ever since Reconstruction, the South had existed under Jim Crow Laws, forcing whites and Blacks to inhabit different worlds.

自战后重建以来，南方一直实施于吉姆·克劳法，迫使白人和黑人生活在不同的世界。

In short, Rosa Parks' early life was just that of another poor, Black girl suffering under Jim Crow.

简而言之，罗莎·帕克斯的早年生活只是另一个在吉姆·克劳法制下受苦的贫穷黑人女孩。

Jim Crow laws in place for several decades until the 1960s discriminated against Black Americans in effectively all areas of life.

吉姆·克劳法实施了几十年，直到20世纪60年代，其在生活的所有领域都歧视美国黑人。

It was a moment that had already played out thousands of times in Montgomery, a Southern city languishing under racist Jim Crow laws.

这一时刻已经在蒙哥马利上演了数千次，蒙哥马利是一个在种族歧视的吉姆·克劳法（美国南部各州以及边境各州对有色人种实行种族隔离制度的法律）下饱受煎熬的南方城市。

And then Jim Crow took his life.

然后吉姆·克劳夺走了他的生命。

60,000 voters in Jim Crow Mississippi.

吉姆克劳密西西比州的 60, 000 名选民。

Yet the legacy of Jim crow remained, as Wards 7 and 8 illustrate, in a patchy extension of services to black areas-and sometimes worse.

然而，正如街区7和街区8所展示的那样，吉姆·克劳留下的遗产仍然会对黑人地区服务进行零散延伸，有时甚至更糟。

And in a reference to laws that legalized racial segregation in the south, he referred to it as Jim Crow in the 21st century.

拜登将其比作21世纪的“吉姆·克劳法”，后者是美国南方曾实施的种族隔离法。

For example, his novel " Light in August" deliberately induces ambiguity about a character's racial origins in ways that undermine rigid Jim Crow policies.

例如，他的小说《八月之光》刻意制造了有关角色种族起源的模糊性，从而削弱了严格的吉姆·克劳政策。

In history class, most Americans learn of the past horrors of slavery and Jim Crow, but the line isn't always drawn to the present.

大多数美国人在历史课上学习了过去奴隶制和种族歧视的恐怖，但这条线并不总会画到现在。

In the late 19th century, racist laws enforcing segregation in the southern United States became known as Jim Crow laws after Daddy Rice's character.

19世纪末 美国南方因执行种族隔离而创立的“种族主义法”便以“赖斯老爹”的角色命名为“吉姆·克劳法”且广为人知。