约翰·汉宁·斯皮克（英文：John Hanning Speke），已故英属印度陆军军官及探险家，曾经3次于非洲探险，当中以搜索到尼罗河的源头最为闻名。

于1858年，约翰·汉宁·斯皮克成为了首位看见非洲维多利亚湖的欧洲人。当年，约翰·汉宁·斯皮克正在和同伴理乍得·弗朗西斯·伯顿为英国殖民地官署寻找尼罗河的源头，并且搜索战略资源。约翰·汉宁·斯皮克看见了如此宽广的水面即认定他寻找到尼罗河的源头，他以当时的英国女皇维多利亚命名了此湖。理乍得·伯顿当时因为受到病困，而在更南方的坦噶尼喀湖湖畔休养，当接收到约翰·汉宁·斯皮克宣布此维多利亚湖为其个人发现时怒不可遏，两人公开决裂，引发的争吵不仅限于学术界，更引起了各位探险家的关注，因为他们希望证实或者否认约翰·汉宁·斯皮克的论断。

John Hanning Speke (4 May 1827 – 15 September 1864) was an officer in the British Indian Army who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa and who is most associated with the search for the source of the Nile and was in fact the first European that reached Lake Victoria and as such is the "discoverer of the source of the Nile". He is also known for propounding the Hamitic hypothesis in 1863. In this hypothesis, he supposed that the Tutsi ethnic group were descendants of the biblical figure, Ham, and had lighter skin and more “European” features than the Bantu-featured Hutu over whom they ruled.