考底利耶（Kautilya 或 Chanakya）(c. 350–275 BCE)，前4世纪古印度政治家、哲学家，婆罗门，曾协助旃陀罗笈多一世创建孔雀王朝。擅长权谋，后人称之“印度的马基雅维利”，所着的《政事论》（Arthashastra），为古印度重要政治文献。

他本来是古代塔克西拉大学的一位老师。考底利耶帮助第一任孔雀皇帝旃陀罗笈多一世在年轻的时候获得权力。考底利耶在孔雀帝国的创建中发挥了重要作用。孔雀帝国是考古学上有记载的首次统一印度次大陆的王国。考底利耶同时担任了旃陀罗笈多一世和他的儿子宾头娑罗的首席顾问。

Chanakya (IAST: Cāṇakya;  pronunciation ; 350–275 BCE) was an Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as Kauṭilya or Vishnu Gupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to classical economics. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire and not rediscovered until 1915.