The labs were working on polio vaccines and were using the monkeys to culture kidney cells for research.

该实验室正在研制脊髓灰质炎疫苗（小儿麻痹症），并利用猴子培养肾细胞进行研究。

And yet our greatest insight was not our successin removing the mutant protein from these kidney cells.

然而，我们最大的洞察并不是我们成功地从这些肾细胞中去除了突变蛋白。

With this in mind researchers at Wake Forest University in North Carolina have used a three-dimensional printer to produce an artificial kidney using immature kidney cells.

为了实现这个梦想，北卡罗来纳州（North Carolina）维克森林大学（Wake Forest University）的研究员们使用三维打印技术，用不成熟的肾脏细胞做出了一个人造肾脏。

To test their hypothesis, scientists added the Damage suppressor gene to cultured human kidney cells, so that these cells were making the tardigrade protein.

为了验证他们的假设，科学家们将损伤抑制基因添加到培养的人类肾细胞中， 这样这些细胞就会产生缓步动物蛋白。

These switches, called " epigenetic tags, " are why a kidney cell looks and acts differently than a skin or nerve cell, even though all three cells' have identical DNA.

这些开关被称为 “表观遗传标记”，这就是为什么就算有相同的 DNA，肾细胞的外观和功能都不同于皮肤细胞或神经元细胞。

But if the medication isn't stopped, and the immune cells continue to damage the connective tissue in the interstitium, and those kidney cells can start to die off, called renal papillary necrosis, where the renal papillae are destroyed.

但是如果药物没有停用，这些免疫细胞会继续损害间质中的结缔组织，而肾脏细胞会开始死亡，称为肾乳头坏死，即肾乳头受损。