劳动经济学（Labour economics），经济学的一个分支，研究在劳动市场中，劳工与雇主之间的交互，如何影响到工资、雇佣与收入。人力资本的观念即起源于这个学科。

在经济学中，劳动意指以货币来衡量的人类工作成果，是生产要素的一种。

Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour markets or job markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services (workers), the demands of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and income.