For many Lakotas, this was the final straw.

对于许多拉科塔人来说，这是最后一根稻草。

The Lakotas started a protest movement called the Ghost Dance.

拉科塔人发起了一场名为“鬼舞”的抗议运动。

Today, Lakotas continue to fight for their culture and their land.

今天，拉科塔人继续为他们的文化和土地而战。

The western plains were much less fertile and abundant than the Lakotas' homelands.

西部平原远不如拉科塔人的家园肥沃和物产丰富。

To compete, the Lakotas became skilled buffalo hunters and warriors on horseback.

为了竞争，拉科塔人成为熟练的水牛猎人和骑马的战士。

The Lakotas had reached the Black Hills, the most sacred place and most coveted buffalo hunting grounds in the western plains.

拉科塔人已经到达了布莱克山，这是西部平原上最神圣的地方，也是最令人垂涎​​的野牛狩猎场。

When the Spanish arrived expecting to find lucrative trading grounds, they had to pay tolls to the Lakotas instead.

当西班牙人抵达并希望找到有利可图的贸易场所时，他们不得不改为向拉科塔人支付通行费。

After this victory, the Lakotas faced an even graver threat: wagon travel and railroad construction had decimated buffalo populations, and they faced starvation.

这场胜利之后，拉科塔人面临更严重的威胁：货车旅行和铁路建设导致水牛数量锐减，他们面临饥饿。

On paper, the United States had acquired the Lakotas' lands from France in the Louisiana Purchase.

理论上，美国在路易斯安那购买案中从法国手中获得了拉科塔人的土地。

But the Lakotas would not cede their lands because of an agreement between two foreign powers.

但由于两个外国势力之间的协议，拉科塔人不会割让他们的土地。

While some tribes profited by trading furs with new France, the Lakotas lived just out of range of the best trade opportunities.

虽然一些部落通过与新法国的毛皮贸易获利，但拉科塔人却生活在最佳贸易机会的范围之外。

Located in what is now South Dakota, control of the Black Hills, or Paha Sapa, marked the Lakotas as the dominant power in the American West.

位于现在的南达科他州，对黑山或帕哈萨帕的控制标志着拉科塔人成为美国西部的主导力量。

Though there were 15,000 Lakotas and 23 million Americans,the bulk of US population and military might was concentrated on the east coast.

尽管有 15,000 名拉科塔人和 2300 万美国人，但美国的大部分人口和军事力量都集中在东海岸。

To avoid a war it couldn't afford and wouldn't win, the US government attempted to appease the Lakotas, paying steep tributes of ammunition and rations demanded by Lakota leaders.

为了避免一场它负担不起也不会赢的战争，美国政府试图安抚拉科塔人， 向拉科塔领导人索要大量弹药和口粮。

In spite of this rocky start, the expedition marked the beginning of a close trade alliance between the Lakotas and the United States.

尽管起步艰难，这次探险标志着拉科塔人与美国之间建立紧密贸易联盟的开始。

They mobilized their Cheyenne and Arapaho allies and almost all the other Sioux nations against the US. In 1876, exactly 100 years after the Lakotas' arrival, gold prospectors occupied the sacred Black Hills.

他们动员了他们的夏延和阿拉帕霍盟友以及几乎所有其他苏族国家反对美国。 1876 年，也就是拉科塔人到来整整 100 年后，淘金者占领了神圣的布莱克山。

The US government supplied guns, ammunition, and other goods, even providing Lakotas with smallpox vaccines that protected them from the deadly epidemics that ravaged other Native American nations.

美国政府提供枪支、弹药和其他物品，甚至为拉科塔人提供天花疫苗，以保护他们免受肆虐其他美洲原住民国家的致命流行病的侵害。

One of seven nations, or seven council fires, that made up the Sioux Alliance, the Lakotas had lived in the forests and wetlands between the Great Lakes and the Missouri Valley for centuries.

作为构成苏族联盟的七个国家或七个议会之火之一，拉科塔人几个世纪以来一直生活在五大湖和密苏里河谷之间的森林和湿地中。