色谱法（英语：chromatography，又称层析）是一种分离和分析方法，在分析化学、有机化学、生物化学等领域有着非常广泛的应用。色谱法利用不同物质在不同相态的选择性分配，以流动相对固定相中的混合物进行洗脱，混合物中不同的物质会以不同的速度沿固定相移动，最终达到分离的效果。色谱法起源于20世纪初，1950年代之后飞速发展，并发展出一个独立的三级学科——色谱学。历史上曾经先后有两位化学家因为在色谱领域的突出贡献而获得诺贝尔化学奖，此外色谱分析方法还在12项获得诺贝尔化学奖的研究工作中起到关键作用。

Chromatography (/ˌkroʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/; from Greek χρῶμα chroma which means "color" and γράφειν graphein "to write") is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation.