锂（Lithium）是一种化学元素，其化学符号Li，原子序数为3，三个电子中两个分布在K层，另一个在L层。锂是碱金属中最轻的一种。锂常呈+1或0氧化态，是否有-1氧化态则尚未得到证实。但是锂和它的化合物并不像其他的碱金属那幺典型，因为锂的电荷密度很大并且有稳定的氦型双电子层，使得锂容易极化其他的分子或离子，自己却不容易受到极化。这一点就影响到它和它的化合物的稳定性。锂的英文名称来源于希腊文lithos，意为“石头”。Lithos的第一个音节发音“里”。因为是金属，在左方加上部首“钅”。

Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, "stone") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable. For this reason, it is typically stored in mineral oil. When cut open, it exhibits a metallic luster, but contact with moist air corrodes the surface quickly to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. Because of its high reactivity, lithium never occurs freely in nature, and instead, appears only in compounds, which are usually ionic. Lithium occurs in a number of pegmatitic minerals, but due to its solubility as an ion, is present in ocean water and is commonly obtained from brines and clays. On a commercial scale, lithium is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.