贪食沼虾（学名：Macrobrachium lar） 为长臂虾科沼虾属的小虾，生活于河流。

贪食沼虾分布于中国以及**，从溪流、水库、湖泊均有分布。贪食沼虾外貌与罗氏沼虾相似，体色较红，第二步足略长，全长可达17公分，是**最大的淡水虾类。

贪食沼虾多半在夜间活动，平时藏匿于溪底的岩石缝、水草丛、河堤、坝提底下的缝隙。平时捕捉水栖昆虫、蚯蚓、淡水鱼、虾类等，生性凶猛，领域性极强。

Macrobrachium lar is a species of freshwater shrimp found throughout the Indo-West Pacific area, ranging from East Africa through to the Marquesas Islands and was first described in 1798. This species is found in flowing rivers and creeks near sea level.