刺尾鱼毒素（英语：Maitotoxin，简称MTX）是一种由甲藻门中的岗比甲藻（Gambierdiscus toxicus）产生的剧毒物质。这种化合物是目前人类发现的毒性最强的非蛋白质类毒素：对小鼠的LD₅₀仅为50ng/kg，只需0.13µg/kg的腹膜注射便可致死。 刺尾鱼毒素常与西加鱼毒素一同存在，并共同引起西加鱼毒中毒。 刺尾鱼毒素最早被分离于一种能引起西加鱼毒中毒的刺尾鱼科鱼类栉齿刺尾鱼；这种鱼在塔希提被称为“maito”，因此该毒素得名“maitotoxin”。后来人们则发现它实际上是由岗比甲藻产生的，经食物链蓄积于鱼类体内。

Maitotoxin (or MTX) is an extremely potent toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of 0.13 µg/kg was lethal in mice. Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish Ctenochaetus striatus—called "maito" in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time. It was later shown that maitotoxin is actually produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus.