室町时代（1336年－1573年），是日本史中世时代的一个划分，名称源自于幕府设在京都的室町。

足利尊氏对应后醍醐天皇的南朝创建了北朝，于1336年创建室町幕府。两个朝廷对立的南北朝时代一直持续到公元1392年，最后被北朝统一。以应仁之乱为契机日本进入了战国时代。虽然战乱持续但内外通商繁盛，农业、工业技术也有所提高。

而室町时代创建的时期，大约相当于中国的元末明初年间。

The Muromachi period(室町時代,Muromachi jidai, also known as the Muromachi era, the Ashikaga era, or the Ashikaga period) is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate (Muromachi bakufu or Ashikaga bakufu), which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga Takauji, two years after the brief Kenmu Restoration (1333–36) of imperial rule was brought to a close. The period ended in 1573 when the 15th and last shogun of this line, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, was driven out of the capital in Kyoto by Oda Nobunaga.