Muscle proteins like creatine kinase and myoglobin start leaking out into the bloodstream.

肌肉中的蛋白质，如肌酸激酶与肌红蛋白，会漏入血液中。

There is a protein dose-dependent effect to muscle protein synthesis.

肌肉蛋白的合成有蛋白质剂量依赖效应。

Again, these studies are only on muscle protein synthesis and not muscle growth directly.

不过，这些研究只是关于肌肉蛋白质合成，而不是直接关于肌肉生长。

But the researchers behind this study thought it might be more straightforward to just make muscle proteins.

但这项研究背后的学者认为制造肌肉蛋白可能会更直接。

In a new paper published in the journal Nature Communications, researchers produced super-strong fibers made of muscle proteins.

在一篇新发表在《自然通讯》的论文中，研究人员用肌肉蛋白制造出了超级强韧的纤维。

In the end, both animal and plant proteins were able to stimulate muscle protein synthesis at similar rates.

最后，动物和植物蛋白质都能以相似的速度刺激肌肉蛋白质合成。

This damage then signals anabolic pathways leading to muscle protein synthesis, a process that drives muscle growth.

这种损伤随后发出信号，合成代谢途径导致肌肉蛋白质合成，这是一个驱动肌肉生长的过程。

Also, along the same lines, we might find antibodies that are targeting your own smooth muscle proteins as well.

同理，我们也许能发现抗自身平滑肌的抗体。

Over time these strands increase in thickness and number and ultimately if muscle protein synthesis is greater than muscle protein breakdown your muscles will grow.

经过一段时间后，这些蛋白链的厚度和数量都会增加，最终如果肌肉蛋白合成大于肌肉蛋白分解，那么就会形成肌肉。

And we looked at muscle protein synthesis.

我们研究了肌肉蛋白质的合成。

And they're both true for a lot of the proteins we talk about, whether they're enzymes or ion channels or receptors or muscle proteins.

对于我们谈论的许多蛋白质都是如此，无论是酶、离子通道、受体还是肌肉蛋白质。

But, we do have two studies in 2020 and 2021 that looked into muscle protein synthesis, which is the primary metabolic process in building muscle.

但是，我们确实在 2020 年和 2021 年有两项新的研究，研究肌肉蛋白质合成，这是构建肌肉的主要代谢过程。

Nonetheless, pre-exericse protein has also shown to slow down muscle breakdown during exercise as well as elevate muscle protein synthesis, although this point is still debated.

尽管如此，运动前摄入蛋白质也显示出减缓运动中的肌肉分解以及提高肌肉蛋白质合成，而这一点仍然存在争议。

Every time you pump a weight at the gym, your muscles experience damage, but the body recovers by forming new muscle protein strands to repair the muscle fibers.

每次你在健身房举重的时候，你的肌肉都会受损。但是身体通过形成新的肌肉蛋白链来修复肌肉纤维。

All this being said, typically, you want 48 hours of rest in between training, as studies do show that muscle protein synthesis will run its course in this timeframe.

这也就是说，通常训练间需要有间隔48小时的休息，研究表明肌肉蛋白合成将在此时间正常进行。