中古调式体系（又称古教会调式体系）分为六种，每一种都由一个五音列和一个四音列合并构成。每个调式都有正格和变格两种形式，五音列在下为正格，反之为变格，因此就成为十二种调式。 列举如下：

现代的有些著作加入了如下调式将其扩充为十四种：

In the theory of Western music, mode (from Latin modus, "measure, standard, manner, way, size, limit of quantity, method") (Powers 2001, Introduction; OED) generally refers to a type of scale, coupled with a set of characteristic melodic behaviours. This use, still the most common in recent years, reflects a tradition dating to the Middle Ages, itself inspired by the theory of ancient Greek music.