舰炮指安装在海军舰艇上的火炮。主要用于舰艇射击海上、岸上和空中目标，是海军舰艇的主要武器之一。

舰炮通常为加农炮，配置的方式可以分成有炮塔或者是无炮塔，每一座炮塔配署的火炮数量有单装、双联、三联或四联装等不同门数。口径范围从20mm到历史上最大的460mm（日本大和级战舰搭载的94式舰砲）不等；不过由于战舰与巡洋舰的没落，现代常见的舰炮通常口径也不会太大，一般来说常见的有20mm、30mm、37mm、40mm、76mm、100mm、127mm、130mm等。

Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare, later also for naval gunfire support against targets on land, and for anti-aircraft use. The term generally refers to tube-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles like torpedoes and rockets, and those simply dropped overboard like depth charges and naval mines.