| 单词 | NFkappaB |
| 释义 |
NFkappaB
中文百科
NF-κB NF-κB（重定向自NFkappaB）
![NF-κB作用机制。在此图中，将以Rel与p50蛋白组成的NF-κB异质二聚体为例。当处于激活状态时，NF-κB位于细胞质中且与抑制蛋白IκBα形成复合体。通过内在膜受体的介导，一些胞外信号物质可激活一种称为IκB激酶（IKK）的酶。IKK转而磷酸化IκBα蛋白，这将导致后者的泛素化，使得IκBα从NF-κB上脱离下来，最终IκBα被蛋白酶体所降解。被激活的NF-κB接下来转移到细胞核内，在这里会结合到DNA上被称为反应组件（RE）的特异性串行上。DNA/NF-κB 复合体接下来会招募其它蛋白，如辅激活物与RNA聚合酶，这些蛋白将下游的DNA转录为mRNA并转而被翻译为蛋白质，这些蛋白最终导致细胞功能发生改变[1][2][3]。](/uploads/202501/29/NF-κB_(zh-cn).svg3737.png) 核因子活化B细胞κ轻链增强子（英语：nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells，简称为NF-κB）是一种控制DNA转录的蛋白复合体。NF-κB几乎存在于所有类型的动物细胞中并参与细胞对诸多刺激的响应，这些刺激包括应激、细胞因子、自由基、紫外线照射、氧化LDL及细菌或病毒抗原。在针对感染的免疫反应中，NF-κB起到了重要的调节作用（κ轻链是免疫球蛋白的重要组成部分）。NF-κB的调控失常与癌症、炎症和自身免疫病、感染性休克、病毒感染以及免疫发育异常有关。NF-κB亦与突触可塑性及记忆过程有着密切关系
英语百科
NF-κB NF-κB（重定向自NFkappaB）
![Mechanism of NF-κB action. In this figure, the NF-κB heterodimer between Rel and p50 proteins is used as an example. While in an inactivated state, NF-κB is located in the cytosol complexed with the inhibitory protein IκBα. Through the intermediacy of integral membrane receptors, a variety of extracellular signals can activate the enzyme IκB kinase (IKK). IKK, in turn, phosphorylates the IκBα protein, which results in ubiquitination, dissociation of IκBα from NF-κB, and eventual degradation of IκBα by the proteosome. The activated NF-κB is then translocated into the nucleus where it binds to specific sequences of DNA called response elements (RE). The DNA/NF-κB complex then recruits other proteins such as coactivators and RNA polymerase, which transcribe downstream DNA into mRNA, which, in turn, is translated into protein, which results in a change of cell function.[1][2][3]](/uploads/202501/29/NFKB_mechanism_of_action3737.png) ![Schematic diagram of NF-κB protein structure. There are two structural classes of NF-κB proteins: class I (top) and class II (bottom). Both classes of proteins contain a N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD), which also serves as a dimerization interface to other NF-κB transcription factors and, in addition, binds to the inhibitory IκBα protein. The C-terminus of class I proteins contains a number of ankyrin repeats and has transrepression activity. In contrast, the C-terminus of class II proteins has a transactivation function.[1][2][3]](/uploads/202501/29/NFKB_structure_schematic3737.png)   NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection (κ light chains are critical components of immunoglobulins). Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉网英语在线翻译词典收录了3779314条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。