New techniques that sift nuclear DNA from ancient soil made these findings possible.

从古代土壤中筛选细胞核 DNA 的新技术使这些发现成为可能。

The cell's nuclear DNA creates all but 13 of these proteins.

除了 13 种蛋白质外，细胞的核 DNA 都能产生这些蛋白质。

It also speeds up the race to discover Denisovan nuclear DNA and fossils at the cave.

它还加快了在洞穴中发现丹尼索瓦人核 DNA 和化石的竞赛。

Mutations in over 75 genes – in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA – can lead to this syndrome.

超过 75 个基因（包括核 DNA 和线粒体 DNA）的突变可导致该综合征。

One approach is to combine the nuclear DNA from an affected egg cell with healthy mitochondria from another woman.

一种方法是将受影响卵细胞的核 DNA 与另一名女性的健康线粒体结合起来。

The embryo would then have nuclear DNA from the original mother and father, and mitochondrial DNA from the egg cell donor.

然后，胚胎将具有来自原始母亲和父亲的核 DNA，以及来自卵细胞供体的线粒体 DNA。

But it was not until the hair's fragmented nuclear DNA underwent next-generation sequencing for SNPs that a new suspect was found.

但直到对头发的碎片核 DNA 进行 SNP 的下一代测序后，才发现新的嫌疑人。

Their speciality is the nuclear DNA found within hair, which has long been considered too fragmented and scarce to be of any use.

他们的专长是在头发中发现的核 DNA，长期以来， 人们一直认为这种 DNA 过于碎片化和稀缺， 没有任何用处。

Seventeen years after receiving a death sentence, Mr Fain was exonerated: mitochondrial DNA—which is easier to obtain than nuclear DNA but can only rule people out—found in the hair proved that it did not belong to him.

在被判处死刑 17 年后，费恩先生终于被宣告无罪：在头发中发现的线粒体 DNA（比核 DNA 更容易获取， 但只能排除人为因素）证明它不属于他。

During their analysis, Dr Fu's team identified mitochondrial DNA (which is often easier to retrieve than regular nuclear DNA) from a goat whose milk went into the cheeses, before comparing it with 185 previously sequenced goat mitochondrial genomes.

在分析过程中， 傅博士的团队从一只产奶用于奶酪的山羊身上鉴定了线粒体 DNA（通常比常规核 DNA 更容易提取），然后将其与 185 个之前测序的山羊线粒体基因组进行了比较。