非对称多处理（英语：Asymmetric multiprocessing，缩写为AMP，ASMP），也译为非对称多重处理、非均衡多元处理，一种多元处理的架构。在这种架构下，存在多个处理器；每个中央处理器在某个特定时间内，被指定一个特定的任务去运行。在对称多处理系统还没完全发展好之前，它曾被视为是一种软件的权宜之计，可以用来让多个处理器同时运作。在对称多处理系统开发好之后，现今它仍然被视为是一个较简单廉价的软件选项。

Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) was the only method for handling multiple CPUs before symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) was available. It has also been used to provide less expensive options on systems where SMP was available. Additionally, AMP is used in applications that are dedicated, such as embedded systems, when individual processors can be dedicated to specific tasks at design time. In an asymmetric multiprocessing system, not all CPUs are treated equally; for example, a system might only allow (either at the hardware or operating system level) one CPU to execute operating system code or might only allow one CPU to perform I/O operations. Other AMP systems would allow any CPU to execute operating system code and perform I/O operations, so that they were symmetric with regard to processor roles, but attached some or all peripherals to particular CPUs, so that they were asymmetric with regard to peripheral attachment.