The process also creates radicals — molecules with one or more unpaired outer electrons.

该过程还会产生自由基——具有一个或多个不成对外层电子的分子。

Some elements, like metals, have outer electrons that come by this energy super easily, so they're good at conducting an electric charge.

某些元素，如金属，其外层电子很容易获得这种能量，它们就善于传导电荷。

And so these tend to also be reasonably reactive and they react by losing those two outer electrons.

因此，它们往往也具有相当的反应性，它们通过失去这两个外层电子来反应。

Conductors like metals and salt water tend to have loosely bound outer electrons, which can easily flow between molecules.

金属和盐水等导体往往具有松散结合的外层电子，这些电子很容易在分子之间流动。

And they're big, they're big atoms. So those outer most electrons are getting less attracted to the positive nucleus.

它们很大，它们是大原子。所以那些最外层的电子越来越少被正核吸引。

Oxygen itself is super needy, with two vacancies in its outer electron shell that it would just LOVE to fill up.

氧气本身非常需要，它的外层电子壳中有两个空位，它很想填补。

If that's the case, the outer electrons spend enough extra time around the element that's more electronegative that chemists label the molecule polar.

如果是这样的话，外层电子会在电负性更强的元素周围花费足够多的时间， 以至于化学家将分子标记为极性。

The two electrons from oxygen's outer shell are shared with two electrons from both hydrogens as they bond together, and the remaining four outer shell electrons from oxygen form two pairs.

来自氧原子外壳的两个电子通过分享分别来自两个氢原子上的两个电子使氢原子和氧原子键合在一起，氧原子外壳上剩下的四个电子分别组成两对。

When a bunch of metal atoms come together in a chunk, these outer electrons wiggle free, creating what scientists usually think of as a negatively-charged “sea of electrons” flowing around a network of positively-charged ions.

当大量金属原子聚集结合为块状，这些外层电子自由移动，就产生了科学家通常所说的电子海，即大量带负电荷的电子游荡在带正电的金属阳离子周围。