五卷书（梵文：पञ्चतन्त्र；英文：Panchatantra），古印度著名韵文寓言集，原以梵文和巴利文写成。据考证最早版本的五卷书当出现于前3世纪，但久已佚失，传说其作者名叫毗湿奴沙玛。现存的文本最早可以追述到6世纪时，此后该书被译成各种文本，包含巴列维文和叙利亚文，传播到世界各国。1964年人民文学出社出版季羡林译《五卷书》全译本。

《五卷书》的成书年代已不可考，季羡林认为，印度的寓言故事出现很早，“最老的故事至迟在公元前六世纪已经存在了”金克木认为：“现在印度有几种传本，最早的可能上溯到公元二、三世纪，最晚的梵语本是十二世纪编订的。”

The Panchatantra (IAST: Pañcatantra, Sanskrit:पञ्चतन्त्र, 'Five Sections') is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. The original Sanskrit work, which some scholars believe was composed around the 3rd century BCE, is attributed to Vishnu Sharma. It is based on older oral traditions, including "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine".