黑猩猩（学名：Pan troglodytes）是黑猩猩属下的两个物种之一，另一种是倭黑猩猩（P. paniscus）。根据黑猩猩基因组计划的研究结果，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩与人类具有较高的基因相似度，与人类有最近的共同祖先，从演化的角度看是现存生物中与人类最近的姊妹种，黑猩猩跟人类基因组的相似度高达99％，大约在600万年前「分家」。

黑猩猩的生活范围在非洲西部及中部，英文名Chimpanzee在非洲土语中意指「小精灵」，属于哺乳纲灵长目，平日成群地生活，每个群体就像一个部落。

The common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also known as the robust chimpanzee, is a species of great ape. Colloquially, the common chimpanzee is often called the chimpanzee (or "chimp"), though this term can be used to refer to both species in the genus Pan: the common chimpanzee and the closely related bonobo, formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee. Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows both species of chimpanzees are the sister group to the modern human lineage.