粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO），又称微粒群算法，是由J. Kennedy和R. C. Eberhart等于1995年开发的一种演化计算技术，来源于对一个简化社会模型的模拟。其中“群（swarm）”来源于微粒群符合M. M. Millonas在开发应用于人工生命（artificial life）的模型时所提出的群体智能的5个基本原则。“粒子（particle）”是一个折衷的选择，因为既需要将群体中的成员描述为没有质量、没有体积的，同时也需要描述它的速度和加速状态。

In computer science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality. It solves a problem by having a population of candidate solutions, here dubbed particles, and moving these particles around in the search-space according to simple mathematical formulae over the particle's position and velocity. Each particle's movement is influenced by its local best known position but, is also guided toward the best known positions in the search-space, which are updated as better positions are found by other particles. This is expected to move the swarm toward the best solutions.