普纽玛（πνεύμα）是一个古希腊词语，意思是气息，在宗教文献中，它的意思是精神或灵魂。古代的医学家和哲学家们在多种专门的意义上使用这个词。包括：

在犹太教和基督教中，pneuma是七十士译本和希腊语新约中一个很普通的词，用来代表精神和心灵。

Pneuma (πνεῦμα) is an ancient Greek word for "breath", and in a religious context for "spirit" or "soul". It has various technical meanings for medical writers and philosophers of classical antiquity, particularly in regard to physiology, and is also used in Greek translations of the Hebrew Bible and in the Greek New Testament. In classical philosophy, it is distinguishable from psyche (ψυχή), which originally meant "breath of life", but is regularly translated as "spirit" or most often "soul".