功率因数（英语：Power Factor，缩写：PF）又称功率因子，是交流电力系统中特有的物理量，是一负载所消耗的有功功率与其视在功率的比值，是0到1之间的无因次量。

有效功功率代表一电路在特定时间作功的能力，视在功率是电压和电流有效值的乘积。纯电阻负载的视在功率等于有功功率，其功率因数为1。若负载是由电感、电容及电阻组成的线性负载，能量可能会在负载端及电源端往复流动，使得有功功率下降。若负载中有电感、电容及电阻以外的组件（非线性负载），会使得输入电流的波形扭曲，也会使视在功率大于有功功率，这二种情形对应的功率因数会小于1。功率因数在一定程度上反映了发电机容量得以利用的比例，是合理用电的重要指标。

In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number in the closed interval of -1 to 1. A power factor of less than one means that the voltage and current waveforms are not in phase, reducing the instantaneous product of the two waveforms (V x I). Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be greater than the real power. A negative power factor occurs when the device (which is normally the load) generates power, which then flows back towards the source, which is normally considered the generator.