早期羊膜囊破裂（英语：premature rupture of membranes，简称PROM）也称为胎膜早破，是指在分娩前一小时发生的羊膜囊破裂。若在分娩前18至24小时就出现的早期羊膜囊破裂，称为加长早期羊膜囊破裂（prolonged premature rupture of membranes），若是胎儿未满37周，则称为未足月胎膜早破（PPROM）。

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or pre-labor rupture of membranes, is a condition that can occur in pregnancy. It is defined as rupture of membranes (breakage of the amniotic sac), commonly called breaking of the mother's water(s), more than 1 hour before the onset of labor. The sac (consisting of 2 membranes, the chorion and amnion) contains amniotic fluid, which surrounds and protects the fetus in the uterus (womb). After rupture, the amniotic fluid leaks out of the uterus through the vagina.