Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

吸电子烟的人可能更易患上哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。

Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

慢性支气管炎与肺气肿同属于慢性阻塞型肺疾病（COPD、慢阻肺）。

Lung transplants are done mostly for chronic lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

肺移植主要用于治疗慢性肺部疾病，如肺纤维化、囊性纤维化或慢性阻塞性肺疾病。

So, if severe pulmonary disease is suspected, a chest CT can be done to help detect the presence of a viral pneumonia.

因此，如果怀疑有严重的肺部病变，还应该做胸部CT以帮助筛查病毒性肺炎。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中的2种类型。

The classical ones are things like chronic congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes and anybody who really is on any immunosuppressive regimen.

还有比如患有慢性充血性心力衰竭，慢性肺病，糖尿病以及任何正在接受免疫抑制疗法的人。

Hathaway moved in with his mother, Kandy, who was gravely ill with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and on oxygen 24 hours a day.

海瑟薇搬到母亲坎迪那里居住，坎迪患有严重的慢性阻塞性肺病，每天要24小时吸氧。

First of all, pulmonary disease existing as a comorbidity is also important.

首先，作为合并症存在的肺部疾病也很重要。

This narrows the airways making it difficult to breathe, and this is why asthma is considered to be a type of obstructive pulmonary disease.

呼吸道变窄，难以呼吸，这就是为什么哮喘被认为是一种阻塞性肺病。

The changes in the lungs that cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease result in shortness of breath, as well as wheezing, mucus production, and a chronic cough.

肺部病变导致COPD，出现气短、哮鸣音、痰多、慢性咳嗽。

Although insomnia can happen without an underlying cause, it can also accompany and worsen other problems like pulmonary diseases, psychiatric conditions, and a whole variety of conditions that might cause pain.

虽然失眠的出现并不一定有潜在的原因，但是它也可能是会伴随一些症状出现或者随之恶化，比如肺部疾病、精神障碍以及各种会导致疼痛的疾病。

Jonathan M. Samet, a pulmonary disease specialist who is dean of the Colorado School of Public Health, said the most recent studies showed negative health effects well below the 12-microgram standard.

乔纳森·萨梅特是科罗拉多公共卫生学院院长兼肺病专家，他说，最近的多项研究表明，微粒水平远低于12微克这一标准的空气依然会给人体健康带来负面影响。

Her friend and coadjutor married and removed to Lisbon, in Portugal, where she died of a pulmonary disease; the symptoms of which were visible before her marriage.

她的朋友兼助理结婚后搬到了葡萄牙的里斯本， 在那里她死于肺病。 这些症状在她结婚前就很明显了。

In terms of treatment, augmentation therapy is where you replace alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood, although this doesn't cure the disease, so other therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease like supplemental oxygen are often needed as well.

治疗方面，增强疗法就是替换血中α-1抗胰蛋白酶，然而治标不治本，因此通常也需要其他像是补氧等针对COPD的治疗方案。