由于地球并非完美的球体，所以并不能用一个值来表达地球的实际半径。但由于地球的形状很接近球体，用6,357km到6,378km(≈3,950 - 3,963英里)的范围值可以涵盖需要的所有半径。从数种把地球当做球体的建模方法都可以得到一个较方便的平均半径，这个值为6372km(≈3,959英里)。“半径”常用来表示一个球体的属性，但本文中它更多的指地球“中心”到假象的地球模型表面的距离。这个距离随着随着位置的不同而不同。本文主要主要把地球当做球体或者椭球体模型来对待。对于地球模型的更详细的讨论可以参见条目地球形状。

Earth radius is the distance from the Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 kilometers (3,959 mi). This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R_⊕.

This article deals primarily with spherical and ellipsoidal models of the Earth. See Figure of the Earth for a more complete discussion of the models. The Earth is only approximately spherical, so no single value serves as its natural radius. Distances from points on the surface to the center range from 6,353 km to 6,384 km (3,947–3,968 mi). Several different ways of modeling the Earth as a sphere each yield a mean radius of 6,371 kilometers (3,959 mi).