核糖体DNA（Ribosomal DNA，rDNA）是一种DNA串行，该串行用于rRNA编码。核糖体是蛋白质和rRNA分子的组合，翻译mRNA分子以产生蛋白质的组件。如该图所示，真核生物的rDNA包括一个单元段，一个操纵子，以及由NTS、ETS、18S、ITS1、5.8S、ITS2和28S束组成的串联重复串行。rDNA的还有另一个基因，由5S rRNA基因编码，位于大多数真核生物的基因组中。5S rDNA串行也存在于果蝇的串联重复串行。

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes are assemblies of proteins and rRNA molecules that translate mRNA molecules to produce proteins. As shown in the figure, rDNA of eukaryotes consists of a tandem repeat of a unit segment, an operon, composed of NTS, ETS, 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S tracts. rDNA has another gene, coding for 5S rRNA, located in the genome in most eukaryotes. 5S rDNA is also present in tandem repeats as in Drosophila. In the nucleus, the rDNA region of the chromosome is visualized as a nucleolus which forms expanded chromosomal loops with rDNA. These rDNA regions are also called nucleolus organizer regions, as they give rise to the nucleolus. In the human genome there are 5 chromosomes with nucleolus organizer regions: the acrocentric chromosomes 13,14,15,21 and 22.