Turns out we aren't missing a chromosome at all.

事实表明并不是我们缺少了染色体。

If we're supposed to be related, why are we missing a chromosome?

如果我们在进化上有关联，为什么我们人类却少了一对染色体？

Alleles are the parts of a chromosome that encode specific genetic traits.

等位基因是染色体上编码特定遗传特征的部分。

Her report described the movement of genes from one part of a chromosome to another.

她的报告描述了基因从染色体的一个部分到另一个部分的运动。

Multiply by two, and the final result is 2 cells with an extra chromosome, and two cells missing a chromosome.

（第二次减数分裂后）细胞数量乘以2，最终结果为两个具有额外染色体的细胞和两个缺少一条染色体的细胞。

One of his sons, Joey, was born with a chromosome deletion.

他的一个儿子乔伊出生时就患有染色体缺失。

As with Williams and Dup7 syndromes, deleting or adding part of a chromosome has many effects.

与 Williams 和 Dup7 综合症一样，删除或添加部分染色体会产生很多影响。

Alright, as a quick recap, Prader-Willi syndrome is an imprinting disorder, where mutations on only the paternal copy of a chromosome causes the disease.

好，快速回顾一下：普拉德-威利综合征是一种印记病，仅在父源染色体突变时发生。

One was DNA sequencing, which provided the genetic letters, in order, of short bits of DNA chopped at random from a chromosome.

一种是 DNA 测序，它按顺序提供从染色体上随机切下的短 DNA 片段的遗传字母。

Any individual inheriting a chromosome so altered will thus have either a deficiency or a surplus of the genes that are part of the affected section.

因此，任何继承了如此改变的染色体的个体将因此具有作为受影响部分的一部分的基因的缺陷或过剩。

That is taxing because some parts of a chromosome, such as those near the centromere (the place where the two arms of a chromosome meet) are not easy to get at.

这是项艰难的任务，因为有些染色体很难处理，例如那些位于着丝点（一个染色体的两臂交汇之处）附近的染色体。

Like the chromosomes, genes are arranged in pairs - one gene from the mother and one from the father. Each gene occupies a specific location on a chromosome.

像染色体一样，基因成对排列 - 一个来自母亲，一个来自父亲。

Because you can't just put it in a vacuum or look at it as a bunch of a's t's GS and C's and a chromosome that's that this is not life and itself.

因为你不能把它放在真空中，或者把它看成是一堆字母和染色体，这不是活的生命。