逆转录PCR，或者称反转录PCR(reverse transcription-PCR, RT-PCR)，是聚合酶链式反应(PCR)的一种广泛应用的变形。在RT-PCR中，一条RNA链被逆转录成为互补DNA，再以此为模板透过PCR进行DNA复制。

由一条RNA单链转录为互补DNA(cDNA)称作“逆转录”，由依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶（逆转录酶）来完成。随后，DNA的另一条链通过脱氧核苷酸引物和依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶完成，随每个循环倍增，即通常的PCR。原先的RNA模板被RNA酶 H降解，留下互补DNA。

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is one of many variants of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique is commonly used in molecular biology to detect RNA expression. RT-PCR is often confused with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by students and scientists alike. However, they are separate and distinct techniques. While RT-PCR is used to qualitatively detect gene expression through creation of complementary DNA (cDNA) transcripts from RNA, qPCR is used to quantitatively measure the amplification of DNA using fluorescent probes. qPCR is also referred to as quantitative PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and real-time quantitative PCR.