山榄科（学名：Sapotaceae），包括约65属800余种，主要分布在世界各地的热带地区。中国有11属约30种，主要分布在南方各地。

本科植物都是常绿灌木和乔木，有许多品种的木材有价值，也有可以初战食用果实的品种，如人心果（Manilkara zapota）、金星果（Chrysophyllum cainito）等，乳油木（Vitellaria paradoxa）可以提炼食用油，胶木属（Palaquium）可以提炼橡胶。

The Sapotaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in around 65 genera (35-75, depending on generic definition). Their distribution is pantropical.

Many species produce edible fruits, and/or have other economic uses. Species noted for their edible fruits include Manilkara (Sapodilla, sapota), Chrysophyllum cainito (star-apple or golden leaf tree), Pouteria (abiu, canistel, lúcuma, Mamey sapote), and Planchonia careya (Australian native plum). Vitellaria paradoxa (shi in several languages of West Africa and karité in French; also anglicized as shea) is also the source of an oil-rich nut, the source of edible shea butter, which is the major lipid source for many African ethnic groups and is also used in traditional and Western cosmetics and medications. The 'miracle fruit' Synsepalum dulcificum is also in the Sapotaceae.