串行主义（serialism），也称串行音乐，是20世纪出现的一种音乐创作手法，进而发展成为一种现代音乐类型和流派。其特征是将音乐的一些参数（一个或几个高音、力度、时值）按照一定的数学排列组合，称为一种串行，然后这些编排串行或编排串行的变化形式在全曲中重复。

串行的概念最早用于音高方面，导致20年代出现十二音音乐，其创始人勋伯格在十二音音乐中将音高排列称一定的串行。1936年，他的弟子韦伯恩所作《变奏曲》(作品第27号)的第二乐章，将串行手法进一步发挥，其音高在各音区的分布及音的发声与休止，也按预先确定的串行进行。

In music, serialism is a method or technique of composition that uses a series of values to manipulate different musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions (often called "parameters"), such as duration, dynamics, and timbre. The idea of serialism is also applied in various ways in the visual arts, design, and architecture (Bandur 2001, 5, 12, 74; Gerstner 1964, passim), and the musical concept has also been adopted in literature (Collot 2008, 81; Leray 2008, 217–19; Waelti-Walters 1992, 37, 64, 81, 95).