短路（Short circuit）是指在正常电路中电势不同的两点不正确地直接碰接或被阻抗（或电阻）非常小的导体接通时的情况。短路时电流强度很大，往往会损坏电气设备或引起火灾。 电力系统在运行中，相与相之间或相与地（或中性线）之间发生非正常连接（即短路）时而流过非常大的电流。其电流值远大于额定电流，并取决于短路点距电源的电气距离。例如，在发电机端发生短路时，流过发电机的短路电流最大瞬时值可达额定电流的10～15倍。大容量电力系统中，短路电流可达数万安。这会对电力系统的正常运行造成严重影响和后果。

A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered. The electrical opposite of a short circuit is an "open circuit", which is an infinite resistance between two nodes. It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem.